INCWADI EVULIWE

Ephreli 2024

Dkt. Tedros othandekayo, uMqondisi-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba
Bosihlalo Abambisene nabo abathandekayo uDkt. Asiri kanye noDkt. Bloomfield we-WGIHR,
Bosihlalo Abambisene nabo uDkt. Matsoso kanye noMnu. Driece we-INB,
Izithunywa zikazwelonke ezithandekayo zamaqembu asebenzayo ahlukene,

Kokubili iQembu Elisebenzayo Lokuchibiyela Imithetho Yezempilo Yamazwe Ngamazwe (2005) (WGIHR) kanye Nenhlangano Yezingxoxo Zamazwe Ngamazwe (INB) exoxisana ngeSivumelwano Sobhubhane bagunyazwe ukuthi balethe amagama asemthethweni okuchitshiyelwa okuhlosiwe kweMithethonqubo Yezempilo Yamazwe Ngamazwe (IHR) njengoba kanye neSivumelwano Sobhubhane soMhlangano Wezempilo Womhlaba wama-77 (i-WHA), oqhubeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2024. Lezi zinqubo zenziwe ngokuphuthuma “ukuthwebula isikhathi sangemva kwe-COVID-19”, naphezu kobufakazi bokuthi kunengozi elinganiselwe yolunye ubhadane olungenzeka esikhathini esifushane kuya kwesimaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, kunesikhathi sokwenza lezi zinyathelo ngendlela efanele.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yejubane okwenzeka ngalo lezi zinqubo zombili izinqubo zokuxoxisana zisongela ukuletha izinqubomgomo ezingekho emthethweni ngokwephula zona kanye izinjongo nemigomo yokulingana nokuxoxisana okuthiwa ivikelekile ngenqubo yokwenza umthetho owubhubhane ngaphansi kwe-WHO. . Ngenxa yalokho, umnqamulajuqu obekwe ngokwepolitiki wokwamukelwa ku-WHA yama-77 kufanele ususwe futhi unwetshwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukuba semthethweni nokuba sobala kwezinqubo, kucaciswe ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IHR echitshiyelwe kanye neSivumelwano esisha Sobhubhane, kanye nokuqinisekisa umphumela olinganayo nowentando yeningi.

Ukungalandeli kwe-WGIHR ne-IHR akufaki ukutholwa okusemthethweni ku-77th WHA.

Ukwamukelwa kwanoma yiziphi izichibiyelo ze-IHR ku-WHA yama-77 ngeke kusazuzwa ngendlela esemthethweni. Njengamanje, i-WGIHR isaqhubeka nokuxoxisana ngohlaka lokuchitshiyelwa, ngenhloso yokuphothula iqoqo lezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo phakathi nomhlangano wayo wesi-8 ohlelelwe umhla zingama-22 kuya zingama-26 kuMbasa ozobe wethulwa ku-WHA yama-77. Le modus operandi ayikho emthethweni. Iphula i-Article 55(2) IHR ebeka inqubo okufanele ilandelwe yokuchibiyela i-IHR:

‘Umbhalo wanoma isiphi isichibiyelo esihlongozwayo uyokwaziswa kuwo wonke Amazwe Ahlangene nguMqondisi-Jikelele okungenani izinyanga ezine ngaphambi koMhlangano Wezempilo lapho kuhlongozwa khona ukuba kucutshungulwe.’

Umnqamulajuqu wokuthi uMqondisi-Jikelele asabalalise iphakethe lezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo ku-IHR kumaZwe Amaqembu ngokusemthethweni ngaphambi kwe-WHA yama-77 usudlulile zingama-27 kuMasingana wezi-2024.

Kuze kube manje, uMqondisi-Jikelele akakakhulumi ngezichibiyelo emiBusweni. I-IHR iyisivumelwano sezizwe eziningi esibopha zombili iMibuso eyamukele i-IHR kanye ne-WHO, okuhlanganisa izigatshana (1) ze-WHA njenge-WGIHR. Kumelwe bathobele imithetho yenqubo ebophayo ye-Article 55(2) IHR futhi abakwazi ukumisa le mithetho ngokungafanele.

Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwewebhu komphakathi kwangomhla zi-2 kuMfumfu wezi-2023, lolu daba lwadluliselwa kuSikhulu Sezomthetho se-WHO, uDkt Steven Solomon, owachaza ukuthi njengoba izichibiyelo ezisalungiswa zivela ekuhlukaniseni iziqephu ze-WHA, imfuneko yezinyanga ezi-4 ye-Article 55(2) yenzekile. ayisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, umbono wakhe awukushayi mkhuba iqiniso lokuthi iSigaba 55(2) akwenzi mehluko ngokuthi yisiphi iSifundazwe, iqembu leMibuso noma ingxenye ethile ye-WHA ephakamisa lezi zichibiyelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku- Terms of Reference (iphara.6) leKomidi Lokubuyekeza le-IHR (2022) umugqa wesikhathi womsebenzi we-WGIHR wamiswa ngo-‘Januwari 2024: I-WGIHR ithumela iphakheji yayo yokugcina yezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo kuMqondisi-Jikelele ozozidlulisela kuwo wonke amaZwe Amaqembu ngokuhambisana Isigaba 55(2) sokucutshungulwa koMhlangano Wezempilo Womhlaba Wamashumi Ayisikhombisa Nesikhombisa.’ Uma i-WGIHR kanye ne-WHO bephula i-IHR ngenhloso, umthetho ubukelwa phansi, okungenzeka uhlanganise umthwalo wamazwe ngamazwe wenhlangano kanye/noma abantu abaphethe.

Izinqubo ezingenakuhlukaniswa ze-IHR kanye neSivumelwano esisha Sobhubhane

Okusalungiswa okutholakalayo kwe-WGIHR kanye ne-INB kusikisela ukuthi izinqubo ezimbili ze-WGIHR kanye ne-INB azikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela kodwa azihlukaniseki enye kwenye. Ikakhulukazi, uhlaka olusha Lwesivumelwano Sobhubhane alukwazi ukwamukelwa ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa kwe-IHR ngoba ludinga ukwakha phezu kwesakhiwo esibuyekeziwe, ububanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezikhungo ze-IHR (ikakhulukazi amagama anikezwe amandla ayinhloko e-IHR okwamanje ngoMashi 7, 2024 umbhalo wezingxoxo we-IHR. Isivumelwano Sobhubhane). Ukuphazamisa izinselele ezifana ne-overlap ratione materiae ebalulekile, amandla nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano zesivumelwano ezisanda kusungulwa, kanye namazwe angamalungu, kanye nemithelela yezimali yesikhathi eside yesabelomali sezempilo, njll. – zidinga ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokutholwa.

Ukulingana nokuba semthethweni kwentando yeningi

Ukungazinaki izibopho zenqubo ngaphansi kwe-IHR nokushiya ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IHR echitshiyelwe kanye neSivumelwano esisha Sobhubhane akugcini nje ngokubukela phansi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kwehlisa umoya we-Article 55(2) ye-IHR (2005), eqinisekisa Amazwe Angamalungu. izinyanga ezine ezisele ngaphambi kokubuyekeza izichibiyelo ze-IHR ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuba semthethweni kwentando yeningi, ubulungiswa benqubo, kanye nokuqinisekisa kangcono imiphumela elinganayo.

Amazwe adinga okungenani izinyanga ezine ukuze acabange kahle ngemithelela yezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo zemithetho yawo yezomthetho yasekhaya kanye namandla azo ezezimali. Kufanele bafune imvume yezepolitiki kanye/noma yephalamende ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kwezinqumo ezifanele ku-WHA. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa isimo somthetho esiyingqayizivele sezichibiyelo ze-IHR ezamukelwayo ezizoqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle uma Inhlangano Yesifunda iphuma ngamandla phakathi nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu esiyizinyanga eziyi-10 (2).

Ukulingana kushiwo yi-WHO ukuthi kube senhliziyweni yokulungela ubhubhane kanye ne-ajenda yokusabela. Amazwe amaningi anemali engenayo ephansi noma ephakathi ayinabo abameleli kanye nochwepheshe abakhona e-Geneva phakathi nazo zonke izinqubo zezingxoxo ezifanayo, abameleli bawo baxoxa ngezindaba ngezilimi ezingajwayelekile, futhi/noma kufanele bathembele emaqenjini okusebenzelana nezikhulu/izifunda. Lokhu kwethula ukungalingani ekhonweni lokubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele kunqubo yezingxoxo ngaphakathi kwe-WGIHR kanye ne-INB ethuthukisa Isivumelwano Sobhubhane. Amazwe anothile anekhono elengeziwe lokufaka kokusalungiswa nezisetshenziswa ezinkulu ukuze abuyekeze imithelela yawo. Lezi zinqubo zezingxoxo ezibonakala zingalungile ziphambene nomoya kanye nenjongo eshiwo yayo yonke inqubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana, ukungafihli kanye nokungenzeleli kudinga isikhathi esanele sokuxoxa futhi kubhekwe ukuthi yini okuhloswe ngayo ukuba kube izivumelwano ezibophezela ngokomthetho.

Isimangalo sokuphuthuma esenziwe ihaba ngokuphawulekayo

Nakuba abanye bephikisene ngokuthi ukuphuthuma ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi amasha okulawula ubhubhane kufaneleka ngenxa yengozi ekhulayo kanye nomthwalo wokuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, lokhu muva nje kuboniswe njengesimangalo esiyihaba ngokuphawulekayo . Izisekelo zobufakazi i-WHO ethembele kuzo, kanye nama-ejensi abambisene nawo ahlanganisa iBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-G20, abonisa ukuthi ingozi yokuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ngokwemvelo ayikhuli njengamanje, futhi umthwalo uwonke cishe uyehla. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izindlela zamanje zisebenza ngempumelelo uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izinguquko kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuphuthuma okungadingekile, kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka kosongo kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zempilo yomphakathi eziqhudelanayo kuwo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu e-WHO.

Faka isikhalazo sokuthi singamukeli izichibiyelo ze-IHR noma Isivumelwano Sobhubhane ku-77th WHA

Amaqembu amabili asebenzayo ayacelwa ukuthi alandele Izimiso ze-UN neziqondiso zezingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe, UN A/RES/53/101, nokuphatha izingxoxo ngomoya wokholo futhi ‘sizame ukugcina isimo esakhayo phakathi nezingxoxo futhi sigweme noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungase kucekele phansi izingxoxo nenqubekelaphambili yazo.’ Umugqa wesikhathi onengqondo ngaphandle kwengcindezi yezepolitiki ngemiphumela uzovikela inqubo yamanje yokwenza umthetho ekuweni futhi kuvimbele ukulahlwa kwezepolitiki okungaba khona, njengoba kwenzeka esimweni seSivumelwano Socwaningo Nentuthuko ye-WHO (R&D).

Esinye sezizathu zasekuqaleni zokuqalisa inqubo yokuchitshiyelwa kwe-IHR (2005) kwakuwukukhathazeka okukhulu kwe-WHO ngokuthi amazwe awazange ahambisane nezibopho zawo ngaphansi kwe-IHR ngesikhathi se-Covid-19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Ngokwehluleka kwabo ukugcina isikhathi sokubuyekeza esiyizinyanga ezi-4, i-WHO kanye ne-WGIHR ngokwabo bakhombisa ukungayinaki kwabo okusobala imisebenzi yabo ebopha ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwe-IHR. Isinqumo esinezichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo ku-IHR ukuze samukelwe ku-WHA yama-77 ngeke sisakwethulwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngenxa yalokho, Isivumelwano Sobhubhane naso sidinga ukubambezeleka, njengoba zombili izinqubo zincike komunye.

Lesi isicelo esiphuthumayo esiya ku-WHO kanye Namazwe Angamalungu ayo ukuthi avikele umthetho kanye nezinqubo kanye nokulingana kwemiphumela ngokuvumela imibono nokuxoxisana ngendlela efanele. Ukwenza lokho, kuzodinga ukuphakamisa nokwelula umnqamulajuqu, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze ithuba lokwakhiwa kwezomthetho okunobufakazi besikhathi esizayo sokuvimbela ubhubhane, ukulungela kanye nokusabela okuhambisana nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba kanye nokuzibophezela kwawo okujwayelekile.

Ngenhlonipho eyakho.